Court-Appointed Counsel
Public Defender Programs
Every person facing jail time is entitled to legal representation. Learn how public defender offices operate, what paperwork to expect, and how to maximize the attorney-client relationship.
Need quicker contact?
Call the clerk of court or jail records unit and request the local public defender intake line for your case.
How to Qualify & Stay Represented
Request at First Appearance
Tell the judge you cannot afford private counsel and request a public defender. Courts usually provide a financial affidavit on the spot.
Complete Financial Screening
Provide honest income, assets, and expense information. False statements can result in fines or removal of court-appointed counsel.
Stay in Contact
Public defenders handle large caseloads; answer calls promptly, keep addresses updated, and attend all scheduled meetings or hearings.
What Public Defenders Handle
Services vary by countyPre-Trial Representation
- •Bond reduction hearings and supervised release recommendations
- •Discovery requests, witness interviews, and motion practice
- •Negotiations with prosecutors and diversion program evaluation
Trial & Sentencing Support
- •Jury selection, voir dire strategy, and defense theory development
- •Sentencing mitigation packages highlighting treatment or employment
- •Guidance on appeals and record sealing when available
Reentry & Collateral Issues
- •Assistance with outstanding warrants, payment plans, and probation
- •Referrals to immigration counsel for non-citizens facing removal
- •Coordination with social workers, case managers, or community partners
Frequently Asked Questions
Updated 2025Will I be charged for a public defender?
Most states assess a small application fee or require repayment only if you are convicted and able to pay. Fees cannot stop you from receiving court-appointed counsel if you qualify.
Can I switch to private counsel later?
Yes. You may retain a private attorney at any time. Notify the court and public defender once new counsel files a notice of appearance.
What if I disagree with my public defender?
Communicate concerns directly with your attorney. If trust is broken, you can file a motion for substitute counsel, but judges grant them only when necessary to protect your rights.
Do public defenders handle immigration or civil issues?
Most PD offices focus on criminal charges. Ask for referrals to immigration or civil legal aid partners for related matters such as family court or deportation defense.